Operation of the 100 W annular Hall thruster

Operation of the 100 W cylindrical Hall thruster

External view of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster

Operation of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster

Operation of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster (zoomed out)

Operation of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster (end view)

Operation of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster (with bright axial jet)

Operation of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster (zoomed in)

Large Hall Thruster Facility control center

Fast movable probe in front of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster

3 kW PPPL Hall thruster and fast movable probe after operation

Fast movable probe aligned on the thruster axis

Operation of 1 kW PPPL Hall thruster

Operation of 1 kW cylindrical PPPL Hall thruster

Fast movable probe in front of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster (zoomed in)

External view of 1 kW PPPL Hall thruster

External view of the 3 kW PPPL Hall thruster

45° two-plate energy analyzer

Experimental setup for the plume diagnostics calibration

External view of the 2.6 cm cylindrical PPPL Hall thruster

External view of the 9 cm cylindrical PPPL Hall thruster

Plume probes in the Small Hall Thruster Facility

2.6 cm annular PPPL Hall thruster on the EPPDyL thrust stand

Stationary cold and emissive probes for plasma measurements inside the 2.6 cm cylindrical PPPL Hall thruster

External view of the ferroelectric plasma cathode

Operation of the ferroelectric plasma source

Surface discharges on the vacuum ferroelectric plasma source

Experimantal setup for high-frequency probe measurements inside 1 kW Hall thruster

Large Hall Thruster Facility control center (during operation)

330" long and 90" diameter stainless steel vacuum vessel

TM 1000 cryopump mounted on the vacuum tank

Interior view of the large vacuum vessel with the thruster and diagnostics inside

Fast and slow movable probe setups

Segmented probe with carbon ringlets

Diagnostic setup that was used in the studies of the effect of segmented electrodes and plasma instabilities in the 1 kW PPPL Hall thruster

Dielectric segmented spacers (MACOR, Boron Nitride, Quartz)

Emissive conductive segmented electrodes (dispenser tungsten, LaB₆₎

Non-emissive conductive segmented electrodes (graphite, molybdenum)

Secondary electron emission experiment setup

0.5 mN thrust resolution pendulum type thrust stand